Modern technologies make the lives of motorists easier and more comfortable. One of these innovations is the keyless entry system for cars, which allows you to open the doors and start the engine without using a traditional key. This convenient functionality has become standard in most modern cars. In this article, we will examine in detail how keyless entry works, its advantages, disadvantages and safety measures.

History of keyless access

Keyless entry systems emerged in the 1980s. The first prototypes were used to remotely lock and unlock doors using a radio signal.

  • In 1982 the company Renault introduced the PLIP (Personal Locking Infrared Protector) system, based on infrared rays.
  • In the 1990s, radio frequency technology replaced infrared systems, allowing for increased range and ease of use.

Today, keyless entry systems are sophisticated devices that are integrated with the vehicle's electronics, providing maximum convenience for the driver.

Main components of a keyless entry system

The Keyless Entry or Keyless Go system consists of several key elements:

  1. Key fob (key card):
    A compact device that contains a microchip with a unique code. This code is used to identify the owner.
  2. Antennas:
    They are placed in different parts of the car (in the doors, trunk and interior) to receive a signal from the key fob.
  3. Controller:
    An electronic control unit that analyzes the signal and makes a decision about unlocking the doors or starting the engine.
  4. Sensors and buttons:
    They are placed on the door handles or dashboard. They activate the system when touched or pressed.

How does keyless entry work?

Step 1: Finding the Key

When the driver approaches the car with the key fob, the system begins searching for a signal. The car's radio frequency antennas periodically send requests within the system's range (usually up to 1.5 meters).

Step 2: Identifying the Key

When the key fob comes into range, it sends a unique code in response to the vehicle's request. This code is checked against the codes stored in the system. If the code matches, the system unlocks the doors.

Step 3: Opening the doors

The driver can open the door by simply touching the touch handle or pressing a button.

Step 4: Starting the Engine

Once the driver enters the vehicle with the key fob, the system activates the engine start button. To start the engine, simply press this button while holding the brake pedal.

Benefits of Keyless Access

  1. Convenience:
    • There is no need to take the key out of your pocket or bag.
    • The doors automatically lock when the driver leaves the car with the key fob.
  2. Speed:
    • Quickly opening doors and starting the engine saves time.
  3. Aesthetics:
    • The absence of a traditional lock makes the car's design more modern.
  4. Additional features:
    • Some systems allow you to remotely start the engine or control the car via an app.

Disadvantages of keyless entry

  1. Vulnerability to theft:
    • Keyless entry systems are susceptible to so-called "relay attacks," where criminals intercept the key fob's signal and use it to open the car.
  2. Battery dependency:
    • A dead battery in the key fob could prevent the driver from accessing the vehicle.
  3. Price:
    • Cars with keyless entry usually cost more.
    • Repairs and replacement of system components can be expensive.

Keyless Systems Security

To minimize risks, car manufacturers and users apply the following measures:

  1. Signal encryption:
    • Modern systems use complex encryption algorithms to prevent code interception.
  2. Sleep Key Mode:
    • Some key fobs automatically turn off after a certain period of inactivity to protect the signal.
  3. Shielded Cases:
    • Radio signal blocking covers prevent retransmission attacks.
  4. Two-factor authentication:
    • Some vehicles require an additional PIN code to be entered to start the engine.
  5. Regular software updates:
    • Updating your car's software helps protect against new types of attacks.

Prospects for the development of keyless systems

Keyless entry systems will continue to improve in the near future. Car manufacturers are actively implementing the following technologies:

  1. Smartphones instead of keys:
    • Systems that use mobile apps to access a vehicle are becoming increasingly popular.
    • Such technologies have already been implemented in models Tesla And BMW.
  2. Biometrics:
    • Use fingerprints, face or iris scanners to access your vehicle.
  3. Improved protection:
    • Car manufacturers are developing more hack-resistant encryption and anti-relay systems.
  4. Smart home integration:
    • The future lies in systems that can interact with other devices, such as smart locks or thermostats.

Conclusion

The keyless entry system is a convenient and technological solution that makes driving a car easier and more comfortable. However, it requires a responsible approach to safety to prevent possible risks.

Modern keyless systems continue to evolve, providing drivers with more options and an even greater level of comfort. And although the technology has its drawbacks, its advantages make it indispensable in modern automotive engineering.

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